What is the correct way to instantiate an object of the Dog class?

Instantiating an object of a class involves calling a constructor that is defined within that class. In many programming languages, including object-oriented languages like Python and Ruby, the instantiation of an object usually takes place via a constructor method that is implicitly called when the object is created.

In the case of the Dog class, the correct way to instantiate an object as indicated by the answer involves providing a name and an age, which suggests that the Dog constructor requires two parameters—these parameters help set the initial state of the object. Therefore, Dog("Rufus", 3) successfully creates a new instance of the Dog class with "Rufus" as the name and 3 as the age.

The other options either do not provide the correct number of parameters or do not utilize the correct method to instantiate an object. For example, calling Dog("Rufus") would be inappropriate if the constructor requires an age as well. Invoking Dog.init("Rufus", 3) suggests a specific initialization method that might not exist unless explicitly defined, which is generally not the standard way to instantiate an object. Similarly, using Dog.new("Rufus", 3) could be correct in some contexts depending on the language or framework,